2. General AI (Strong AI)
General AI, otherwise known as Strong AI and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), is a concept in which machines can think and learn like humans. This means that AI can not only complete certain tasks, but it can also understand and apply knowledge in a variety of situations. Achieving AGI is a big challenge because it requires algorithms that can mimic the way humans think holistically, including the ability to adapt, innovate, and understand emotions.
One of the main challenges in developing AGI is the complexity of the human brain. Our brains have about a trillion neurons connected in an intricate network, allowing for highly efficient information processing. Creating a computer system that can replicate these capabilities is still a major technical challenge. In addition, there are also ethical and social issues to think about, such as the impact of AGI on human jobs and the risks if machines become smarter than humans.
In addition, there is a philosophical challenge as to what “human” intelligence means. For example, do machines that can perform cognitive tasks like humans really “think” or simply mimic human behavior? This question leads to a discussion about subjective consciousness and experience.
The Turing Test, introduced by Alan Turing in 1950, is a way to determine whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior that is indistinguishable from humans. In this test, an evaluator interacts with machines and humans without knowing who is which. If the evaluator cannot distinguish between the two based on the response, then the machine is considered to have passed the Turing Test.
Today, while some AI systems have demonstrated exceptional abilities in answering questions and interacting with users (such as advanced chatbots), none have consistently met the criteria of the Turing Test. Although advances in natural language processing have made interactions more natural, challenges in understanding the emotional context and nuances of language still exist.
3. Super AI
Super AI, or Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), is a type of artificial intelligence that exceeds human abilities in many ways, such as learning, thinking, and solving problems. This concept describes a machine that can not only understand and imitate human behavior but is also capable of transcending the limits of the human mind.
Super AI has the potential to have a positive impact such as increased efficiency in various sectors, innovation in research, and improved quality of life. For example, in healthcare, Super AI can help find new drugs or design treatments that fit an individual’s genetic analysis. In the transportation sector, autonomous vehicles powered by Super AI can reduce accidents and improve mobility.
However, some risks need to be considered. One of the main concerns is “control issues,” where humans may have difficulty controlling smarter machines. There is a possibility that Super AI makes decisions that are not in line with human values or even harms humans if not managed properly. In addition, widespread automation can cause many human jobs to become irrelevant.
Overall, while Super AI offers many opportunities for technological advancement and improved quality of life, the ethical challenges and risks that exist should be seriously thought about as we head towards a future where artificial intelligence could surpass human capabilities.