Types of Routing in Networks
Routing in a computer network is the process of sending data packets from one network to another through a predetermined path. The type of routing affects how the router sends data packets, and each type has its advantages and disadvantages. Here are some of the most commonly used types of routing:
Static Routing
Static routing is a method in which routes are manually defined and set by network administrators. In this method, each route must be manually added to the routing table for the router to send packets to a predefined destination.
Excess:
- Low CPU Usage: There is no additional load on the router’s CPU usage, making it more efficient for devices with limited resources.
- Higher Security: Only administrators have full control over the allowed routes, thus increasing network security.
- No Bandwidth Usage Between Routers: Static routing does not require constant communication between routers to update the routing table.
Deficiency:
- Complexity in Large Networks: Manually adding routes for large networks can be very tiring and prone to errors.
- Administrator Skills: Administrators must have in-depth knowledge of network topology to manage routes effectively.
Default Routing
Default routing is a technique in which a router is set to send all data packets to a single default destination, regardless of the network from which the packet originates. This is useful when the network has a single point of exit.
Excess:
- Easy: Makes it easier to set up lanes when most of the traffic is heading to a single location.
- Efficient for Small Networks: Ideal for small networks where all data can be routed to a single device.
Deficiency:
- Less Flexible: If there is a specific path to take, the router will ignore it and stick with the default path.
- Congestion Risk: All data going to a single location can cause congestion if not managed properly.
Dynamic Routing
Dynamic routing is a way in which routers automatically change the routing table according to changing network conditions. Protocols such as RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) are used to automatically find and update new paths.
Excess:
- Easy to Configure: The setup process is easier as there is no need to manually add each path.
- Adaptive to Change: Routers can adjust paths automatically when network conditions or structures change, making them more efficient.
Deficiency:
- High CPU and Bandwidth Usage: This dynamic process can lead to greater resource usage compared to static routing.
- Lower Security: Since the path is automatically defined, there is a security risk if it is not managed properly.
Server Basics in Computer Networks
A server is an application that operates on a remote computer to provide services to other computers in the network. In networking, servers have a crucial role in managing and providing the resources required by the client. Here is an explanation of what a server is, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using it.
Definition of Server
A server is a program that is constantly running to fulfill requests from clients. When a client needs access to a specific resource, such as a file, application, or other service, they send a request to the server.
The server then processes the request and sends a reply back to the client. A server can be either hardware (physical computer) or software that runs inside an operating system.
Advantages of Using a Server
- Centralized Administration: With servers, all management and control can be done from a single location. This makes it easier for network administrators to manage access and security of resources.
- Safer Backups: Critical data can be stored on servers, making it easy to backup and restore data in the event of corruption or loss.
- Faster Network: Servers can increase network speed by providing fast and efficient access to resources needed by clients. The use of servers also allows for better management of data traffic.
Server Disadvantages
- Network Congestion: When multiple users access a server at the same time, the network can experience congestion. This can result in decreased performance and longer response times for users.
- Server Dependency: If a server experiences a problem or breakdown, all services that depend on it will be affected. This can lead to quite a long downtime for the user.
- Special Hardware Requirements: Some servers may require specific hardware to function properly, which can increase operational costs.