Peer-to-Peer Network
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a model in which every device in a network can function as both a client and a server. This means that each computer can send and receive data and share resources such as files and printers without the need for a central server. In a P2P network, all devices have the same rights, and no one device controls the entire network. This model is often used for file sharing, direct communication, and collaboration.
Excess:
Low Cost: Peer-to-peer networks do not require expensive dedicated servers, resulting in lower installation and maintenance costs. Many basic functions are already present in the operating system used by each device.
Easy to Install: P2P network installation is quite easy as it only requires a basic setup on each computer and a physical connection between devices. Users do not need to set up additional servers or hardware.
Reliability: If one device experiences a problem, the network can still function. Each device can work independently, thus increasing the overall reliability of the system.
Decentralization: In the absence of a central server, users have more control over their data and resources, providing flexibility in information management.
Deficiency:
Complicated Resource Management: In the absence of a central server, resource management becomes more difficult because it has to be done manually on each device. Users need to track and manage access to resources one by one.
Vulnerable Security: P2P networks can be easier to attack because there is no centralized control. Each user is responsible for the security of their data, which can lead to confusion and risk.
Difficulties in Data Backup: Without a central location to store shared files, data backup becomes challenging. Users must set up backups separately on each device.
Use of Computer Resources: If multiple users access a printer or other resource connected to one of the computers, that computer will require more processing resources to meet requests from other users.
Conclusion
In computer networks, communication between computers is carried out by sending data in packets that have a source and destination address. There are three modes of transmission: simplex (one-way), half-duplex (two-way unparalleled), and full-duplex (two-way together). Ethernet is the most common network architecture, using the CSMA/CD method to avoid collisions when sending data. Variations such as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet offer transfer speeds of up to 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps.
The peer-to-peer (P2P) networking model allows each computer to function as a client and server, reducing costs with equal access rights. While P2P is easy to install and reliable, challenges arise in data management and security because there is no central location for file storage. Understanding these concepts helps individuals and organizations maximize information technology and improve communication efficiency.