Regular air conditioner cleaning is essential. This practice not only maintains the unit’s performance and energy efficiency but also safeguards occupants’ health from respiratory risks. This article explains why AC maintenance is mandatory and provides a detailed technical guide for safely cleaning a split AC unit yourself.
Air temperatures in tropical climates like Indonesia make air conditioning a primary necessity. Consequently, AC units are used almost daily in homes, offices, and vehicles. Unfortunately, this vital appliance often misses routine maintenance.
An AC works by circulating room air. This process causes dust, fine particles, and other contaminants to be drawn in and accumulate inside its components. As a result, the unit’s performance can degrade in just a few months. This is why knowing the correct air conditioner cleaning method is necessary.
Negative Impacts of a Dirty and Unmaintained AC
Neglecting AC maintenance has serious consequences. First, from a health perspective. Dust and mold accumulating on the evaporator and filter are released back into the air. These particles can trigger allergies, asthma, respiratory tract irritation, and chronic coughs. Authoritative sources like the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) state that poor indoor air quality is a significant health risk.
Second, from performance and economic aspects. Dirt buildup impedes airflow and heat exchange. The compressor must work harder to reach the desired temperature. This can increase electricity consumption by 15-20% and shorten the unit’s lifespan. Therefore, regular maintenance is an investment for long-term savings.
Complete Guide on How to Clean a Split AC Yourself
Before starting, ensure the AC unit is completely powered off. Unplug it or turn off the MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) at the electrical panel. Prepare tools like flathead/Phillips screwdrivers, a soft brush, an old toothbrush, a bucket, evaporator cleaning spray, a water hose, and a microfiber cloth.
1. Cleaning the Air Filter
Carefully open the indoor unit’s cover. Remove the air filter by pulling it forward. You can vacuum the dust off. Next, rinse the filter under running water. Use a soft brush if dirt is stubborn. Ensure the filter is completely dry before reinstalling it. Perform this step at least every two weeks.
2. Cleaning the Evaporator Fins
The evaporator is located behind the filter. These metal fins are very dense and delicate. Surface dust with a brush directed parallel to the fins. For stubborn stains, use a specialized evaporator cleaner spray. Apply it evenly and let it sit for the recommended time. Dirt will dissolve with the foam. Place a cloth or plastic underneath to catch dirty drips.
3. Cleaning the Blower and Fan
The blower (fan wheel) is often covered in thick dust. Rotate the blower slowly and clean each vane with a toothbrush and cloth. You can also spray cleaning solution. Ensure no water enters the motor bearing. The fan in the outdoor unit also needs spraying with low-pressure water to remove dust and leaves.
4. Outdoor Unit Maintenance
The outdoor condenser unit is very prone to dirt. Turn off the power first. Clean dust from the condenser coils with a brush. Then, rinse with plain water using a hose. Avoid high water pressure to prevent damaging the fins. Ensure the surrounding area is unobstructed for proper airflow.
5. Final Steps and Testing
After all internal parts are completely dry, reinstall the filter and indoor unit cover. Ensure all parts are securely fastened. Wait at least 2 hours before turning on the AC. Power on the unit in Fan mode for 10-15 minutes. This step helps dry any remaining moisture in the evaporator. Afterwards, the AC is ready for use in Cool mode.
Important note: This self-cleaning is for basic maintenance. For in-depth servicing like checking refrigerant pressure, leaks, and electrical current, it is recommended to call a certified AC technician every 1-2 years. More detailed information on refrigeration system maintenance can be found on the ASHRAE website.
Reference Sources:
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq.
- ASHRAE. Guidelines for HVAC System Maintenance. https://www.ashrae.org/.
