Step 4: Use a Reliable Firewall and Antivirus
Firewalls and antiviruses are software or hardware that can protect your computer or network from cyberattacks, such as viruses, malware, ransomware, or denial of service. Firewalls and antiviruses can block or remove suspicious or malicious programs or packages that try to enter or exit your computer or network.
You should use a reliable firewall and antivirus to protect your MySQL database from cyberattacks. You should choose a firewall and antivirus that suits your operating system and architecture, and ensure that your firewall and antivirus are always updated with the latest versions and the latest threat definitions.
One way to use a reliable firewall and antivirus is to use AppArmor or SELinux, which is security software that can restrict access and activity from certain applications or processes, including MySQL databases. AppArmor or SELinux can prevent your MySQL database from performing unauthorized or risky operations, such as reading or writing unrelated files, running shell commands, or accessing unsecured networks.
To use AppArmor or SELinux, you need to install and activate the software on your operating system and configure rules or policies to suit your needs and environment.
Step 5: Use Audit Logs and Monitoring
Log auditing and monitoring is a process or tool that can record or display the activity or performance of your MySQL database. Audit logs and monitoring can help you detect or prevent cyber threats, such as unauthorized access attempts, suspicious activity, or performance issues.
You should use audit logs and monitoring to secure your MySQL database from cyberattacks. You should choose audit logs and monitoring that fit the scale and complexity of your MySQL database, and ensure that your audit logs and monitoring are always up and easily accessible.
One way to use audit logs and monitoring is to use MySQL Enterprise Audit or MySQL Enterprise Monitor, which are features or products provided by MySQL Enterprise Edition, which is a paid version of a MySQL database. MySQL Enterprise Audit or MySQL Enterprise Monitor can provide comprehensive, flexible, and easy-to-use log auditing or monitoring for your MySQL database.
To use MySQL Enterprise Audit or MySQL Enterprise Monitor, you need to purchase and install MySQL Enterprise Edition on your server, and activate or configure those features or products according to the documentation provided by MySQL, such as the following examples:
-- Enable MySQL Enterprise Audit INSTALL PLUGIN audit_log SONAME 'audit_log.so'; SET GLOBAL audit_log_policy = ALL; -- Enable MySQL Enterprise Monitor INSTALL PLUGIN agent SONAME 'agent.so'; SET GLOBAL agent_address = 'https://monitor.example.com:18443';
Step 6: Use Regular Backup and Recovery
Backup and recovery is a process or tool that can store or restore data from your MySQL database. Backup and recovery can help you overcome or prevent data loss, such as data loss due to human error, hardware failure, natural disasters, or cyberattacks.
You should use regular backups and recovery to secure your MySQL database from data loss. You should choose backups and recoveries that fit the size and type of your data, and ensure that your backups and recoveries are always done periodically and stored in a secure location.
One way to use regular backup and recovery is to use mysqldump or mysqlbackup, which are tools provided by MySQL databases. MySQLdump or mysqlbackup can create or restore backups of your MySQL database in the form of text or binary files.
To use mysqldump or mysqlbackup, you need to run the tool on a MySQL client or server, and provide parameters that suit your needs and preferences, such as the following example:
Create a backup with mysqldump
mysqldump --user=root --password=root --all-databases --single-transaction --routines --triggers --events > backup.sql
Restore backups with mysqldump
mysql --user=root --password=root < backup.sql
Create a backup with mysqlbackup
mysqlbackup --user=root --password=root --backup-dir=/backup --with-timestamp backup-and-apply-log
Restore backups with mysqlbackup
mysqlbackup --user=root --password=root --backup-dir=/backup/2024-01-25_10-08-46 copy-back-and-apply-log